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回复时间:2007-01-10 18:10:04 QQ消息
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Build up your vocabulary through reading-17
The Food and Drug administration has recently proposed severe restrictions on the use of antibiotics to promote the health and growth but also encourage the appearance of bacterial strains that are resistant to anti-infective drugs. Already, for example, penicillin and the tetracylines are not as effective therapeutically as they once were. The drug resistance is chiefly confered by tiny circlets of genes, calledplasmins, that can be exchanged between different strains and even different species of bacteria. Plasmins are also one of the two kinds of vehicles [the other being viruses]that molecular biologists depend on when performing gene transplant experiments. Even present guidelines forbid the laboratory use of plasmins bearing genes for resistance to antibiotics. Yet, while congressional debate rages over whether or not to toughen these restrictions on scientists in their laboratories, little congressional attention has been focused on an ill-advised agricultural practice that produces known deleterious effects.
administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门 restriction n.限制, 约束 antibiotics n.抗生素, 抗生学 promote vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为 strain n.过度的疲劳, 紧张, 张力, 应变 vt.扭伤, 损伤 v.拉紧, 扯紧, (使)紧张, 尽力 infective adj.会传染的, 有传染性的, 影响别人的, 感染别人的 therapeutically adv. 治疗性地 confer vt.授予(称号、学位等), 赠与, 把...赠与, 协议 v.协商, 交换意见 gene n.[遗传]因子, [遗传]基因 species n.种类, (原)核素 n.[律]式样 n.[宗]圣餐物 vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段 molecular adj.[化]分子的, 由分子组成的 transplant v.移植, 移种, 移民, 迁移 n.移植, 被移植物, 移居者 congressional adj.会议的, 大会的, 国会的 rage n.愤怒, 情绪激动, 狂暴, 精神错乱 vi.大怒, 狂吹, 风行 deleterious adj.有害的, 有毒的
“食物及药品管理局”最近提议严格限制使用抗生素以促进食用动物的健康和成长。加入饲料中的药物杀死了很多微生物,但也促成了一些耐得住抗传染药物的细菌族群的出现。 像盘尼西林和 tetravyclines 类抗生素在治疗上已不如往昔那么有效。 抗药性主要是由极细微的环形基因传递的。 这种基因称作Plasmins 。 它可以在不同族群,甚至不同种的细菌之间互换。Plasmids也是分子生物学家作基因移植实验时仰赖的两种媒介物之一(另一个是病原体)。即使目前的政策方针都禁止实验室内用 Plasmids 来生产抵御抗生素的基因。可是正当国会激烈辩论是否要加重科学家在实验室中的这些限制,国会的注意力却很少集中在,这种产生人皆知晓的有害影响之不智的农业上做法。
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